Muhammad bin Qasim's Indus invaded(part-02 and last)

Muhammad bin Qasim's Indus invaded(part-02 and last)

In areas where Qasim faced resistance, the Muslim army's troops were likely to be decimated, and they waited until the final moment of the capture of power. Due to the blockade tactics, the army of Armabil, Nirun, was able to capture the light without such troops. Uncle Nama states that Muhammad bin Qasim was able to occupy about 5% of the Indus basin due to blockade strategy. Even though Hajjaj bin Yusuf's son-in-law Qasim was not cruel enough, he criticized people as weak-hearted. After the capture of Hajjaj bin Yusuf Debal (Karachi), strict orders were issued that an elderly man should not survive.

Indus conquest is more than the achievements of Muhammad bin Qasim himself, the Hindus and Buddhists of the lower castes who suffered the persecution of local oppressor King Dahir. Local rebel Jats and merit soldiers joined forces and joined Kashim to defeat King Dahir. There are other reasons why Muhammad Bin Qasim could easily win the Indus -

১. Improved Arms and Military Equipment (Qasim's forces had a strong gate-breaking machine and modern arrow bow).
2. Strict rule discipline and timely leadership among soldiers
৩. The idea of   jihad motivated the Muslim soldiers. They were told that if they were alive, they would be able to enjoy the wealth of plundered women. (Lack of them, because most of the Syrian soldiers were poorly robed wanderers.)
৪. In the Indus region, rumors of Islamization were spreading like wind.
৫. Most Buddhists, Hindus, refuse to fight, preferring to surrender to genocide in war.
৬. The unrestricted oppression of King Dahir of the subjects and his ministerial bureaucracy.
৭. Social discrimination with low-caste Hindus and Buddhists.

Historian Sir Henry Miller Elliott, in his History of India history book, describes Kasim as less destructive than other Muslim invaders. Although the destruction of the temple, looting and killing of local Hindus did not stop. All the residents of Sindh were forced to convert. Upendra Tagore's book on Sindhi Culture, published by the University of Bombay, identified the time as a dark history. During the mass conversion in Sindh, the temple was demolished where Hindu Buddhists were slaughtered by all who were found and refused to renounce religion. The Brahmins of Debal (Karachi) were forcibly circumcised in retaliation for King Dahir's 'go kill' ban. After the conquest of Sindh, Muhammad Bin Qasim, during his brief rule, enforced the Hanafi and Sharia law, allowing Hindus and Buddhists to practice religion in exchange for Zizia tax.

Islam began in the Indian subcontinent through the invasion of Sindh. Then came the group of invaders, tourists, Sufis, missionaries in the area, and started living in this area. The father of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, says during the Pakistan movement that the entry of Islam into India has been made on the day that Muslims first set foot on the Indus.

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Muhammad bin Qasim's Indus invaded(part-01)

Muhammad bin Qasim's Indus invaded(part-01)

Hindus from the distant past, historically and presently, have been subjected to the wiping and systematic killing of entire religious communities on account of only religious belief. The Hindu religious community has been subjected to wiping in a few ways: compulsory conversion, genocide aimed at the Hindu community, conversion of Hindu temples, demolition of temples into mosques and destruction of temple, gold ornaments, destruction of land and property, and education.

As is well known in ancient Vedic literature and cultures of ancient Aryans, the followers of this religion were attacked, especially with the advent of Islam from the past. From the 8th century onwards, Muslim troops, missionaries and Sufis came to the vast area of   the Indian subcontinent. The main advantages and disadvantages of the region are fertile land, seamless terrain, comfortable climate, adequate water. Because of these advantages, these people are somewhat lazy, inexperienced in warfare, and have an easy way of living. Before the advent of Islam, a neutral view of the social, cultural environment of this vast region was essential. Hinduism has since become fiercely Brahminist and blinded by the darkness of color. The Hindus took the stage of art within their own religion. Whose influence still prevails even in this modern society. The upper-caste Hindus were so oppressed and oppressed by the low-caste Hindus that when a Muslim army attacked, they welcomed the invader in the field only in the hope of getting rid of the oppression. The small feudal statesmen were so busy inter-strife that they were not even prepared for the least protection from the onslaught of outsiders. But there is no happiness in the foreheads of ordinary Hindus, either under conversion or under Muslim rule to save them from the persecution of Brahmanical kings, their social life has not changed economically.

The emergence of Islam in the Indian subcontinent, the most reliable source of information about the state of affairs, is written in Persian language Chachamama / Fateh Nama Sind and dates al-Hind wa as-Sind (The story of the conquest of Sindh). / Son-in-law Muhammad Bin Qasim with 12 Syrian troops in Sindh That enjoyment. Not just the Sindh which was won by the Muslims without interruption, it was attacked three times in the past. But for the first time, the young Muhammad Bin Qasim, who was defeated by King Dahir of Sindhu, occupied various cities like Debal (Karachi), Nirun, Rewar, Brahmanabad (Mansurabad), Alor, Multan and raised the flags of Islam for the first time in the Indian subcontinent. Be able to prevail. All soldiers defeated in the war were killed at once, and the wives, sons, and daughters of the slain soldiers were sent to Hajjaj bin Yusuf as slaves to Iraq. Generally, from a week to a month after the conquest of the kingdom, important citizens of the city of Muhammad bin Qasim called on the merchants to arrange the tax rate and to restart the trade. There are several opportunities for the citizen in the treaty, as everyone is ordered to surrender to Islam peacefully, or to fight in arms, or to win a war or to die, but to be slaves to Harley. Hajjaj bin Yusuf wrote a letter to the son-in-law Qasim, who ordered all those who would carry the weapons (Ahi-al-Herb) to kill them all, captive the children of the armed women and enslave them, leaving the civilians who did not fight to protect their religion (Dhimmah). . But Kashmir's forces in the conquest of the state gave local Hindus and Buddhists two opportunities, either to embrace Islam or save their lives under the sword.

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Bakhtiyar's Horse:

Bakhtiyar's Horse:

At times the heart cried out for war
Blood seems to be the solution, ammunition is the ultimate satisfaction;
Then I woke up in my dream of jihad, jihad.
Whenever I see a teenager surrounded me.
The boy doesn't want to put his head in the pillow,
As a mosquito blows,
Right now, the two eyes will rise up beside the matron;
Outside, his horse is shaky, shaking in the air.
And he jumped at the speed of time.
No, he's still a baby. The mother listens to the rhythm of the boy.
Say, put your head in the pillow, Beta. Listen
Bakhtiyar's horse is coming.
Seventeen of us are coming
Naked sword in hand.
In the pillow of curiosity, the curiosity in the mother's room
The sound of your heart is inside the pillow.
That way he can hear the races. Say, who is mother Bakhtiar?
I'll see Bakhtiyar's horse.
The mother laughs at the wandering of the fan,
Allah's Sepoy is He, the King of the afflicted.
Where the Momeners are afraid to go,
And people worship people,
He came there. The khalajdis are the saddle horse.
Look at the tyrants fleeing by the window
Look, see.
The boy fell asleep on his mother's lap
He dreams of the sound of the horse in the cotton
Nissen flies.
Where is the boy?
Today, only in the heart of the battlefield
It seems that blood is the decision.
Ammunition is the judge. And
In the dream jihad woke up as jihad.

The Nalanda Bihar and the Buddhists in the area have been hit repeatedly. Huyen Tsang traveled to different regions of India in the 7th century and noticed the population of the Buddhist community declining. Before the conquest of Islam, Buddhists were attacked by Hindu Brahmins, Saivites. Historian Sita Ram Goel blamed the torture of Brahminism for the decline of the Buddhist population. Shashanka, the king of Gaur, demolishes the Buddha, the statue of Buddha. Nalanda was attacked twice before the Muslim invasion. Nahanda was hit by Mihirkul. But after the conquest of the state, Mihirkul rebuilt Nalanda Bihar. Nalanda University was re-attacked in the seventh century by the Gaudas, but King Harshavardhana reformed the university.

Sukumar Sen, a Bangla language-theorist, wrote in his book 'Bangabhumika', "During the invasion of Nadia, Bakhtiyar Khilji avoided regular road to enter the Rajmahal and came to the capital through the forest of Jharkhand. By dividing his army into small groups, he led himself to the palace so fast that only four of the soldiers were able to keep up with him. Myth was prevalent among the lower-caste Hindus of the time when caste-based discrimination would occur in the name of Kalki on horseback to protect the oppressed. On the day Khilji invaded the kingdom of Lakshman Sen on a white horse, the oppressed people thought that their savior had come to the desired Kalki avatar.

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Ikhtiar Uddin Muhammad Bin Bakhtiar Khilji: First Muslim ruler of Bengal(part-04)

Ikhtiar Uddin Muhammad Bin Bakhtiar Khilji: First Muslim ruler of Bengal(part-04):

Walking in search of luck, Ikhtiar Uddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji was on his way to the east, intoxicated by the State. In 1251, Bakhtiyar Khilji attacked Udantapuri Vihar, killed the Buddhist monks of Bihar, destroyed Nalanda, burned all the books of Nalanda. Nadia was captured in an ambush. Quoting from the book Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh by Abd al-Qadir Badayuni, Sitaram Goel writes in The Book of Islamic Imperialism in India, "The Nadiya invaders came under the control of the Bakhtiar army with a large amount of plunder and money. They demolished the temples of Pujo, the temples of the heretics became overnight mosques and khankas. ” According to the Tabqãt-i-Akbariz of Nizamuddin Ahmad published from Calcutta in the translation of the historian Varun Dey, Professor of Indian Institute of Management, "Ikhtiyar Uddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji has been in the royal family from Dinhin. Either way, his name is inscribed on the coin. The khanka and the madrasa have been erected there to break down the idols and temples of the heretics.

Ghulam Husain Salim's Riyãzu's-Salãtîn book translated from Persian to English by Abdus Salam and published from Delhi. Muhammad Bakhtiyar laid the black arm of destruction in Nalanda Bihar, wiping out the whole town, its residence, the temple of Pujo, the Buddhist monastery and the monastery. Lakshman Sen captured the capital and robbed the capital of Lakshmanati and imposed its Islamic rule. During the entire reign of Bakhtiyar, the temple was demolished and the mosque was built and was employed in spreading and serving Islam.

In his book Decolonizing the Hindu Mind, Koenraad Elst quotes from Louis Frederic's book L'Inde de l'Islâm (Islam of India), "Muhammad Ghuri ordered the demolition of the temple of Ajmir and the construction of a mosque there, and a madrasah built next to the mosque. The knife turns, occupies the cough, destroys it and continues to plunder. At the same time, Bakhtiyar continued to ravage other parts of Bengal. He almost eradicated the Buddhist community of Bihar, destroyed the then Nalanda University, the backbone of the study of theology and philosophy. Bakhtiyar Khilji overthrew Lakshman Sen and established a Muslim state there. The basalt of Lakshvanti's Gangatier rubs a temple built on stone. He killed two thousand Buddhist monks in Udanatpuri Bihar in 1212. ”

Kishori Saran Lal, from Delhi, writes in his Theory and Practice of Muslim State in India, that the education of Hindus and Buddhists was severely hampered by education. Temples, tolls adjacent to the monastery, were on the verge of extinction, becoming the target of regular attacks. Like Qutbuddin Aibek, he attacked the huge Deva Sanskrit College in Ajmer and set up an Arhai din ka Jhonpra mosque. On the east, Ikhtiyar Uddin Bakhtiyar Khilji Buddhist Bihar, Ondantpuri, Nalanda, Vikramshila University were destroyed. The destruction of Hindu temples, tolls, and schools continued throughout the Islamic empire in India from that time until the reign of Aurangzeb. Aurangzeb is a bit generous, but he is no exception. I have long lived in Delhi, Bhopal, Hyderabad (Deccan). There is no temple left before the Muslim invasion in this area. The education of the Hindus depended largely on the Brahmin scholars of temples, monasteries and monasteries, and these institutions were urban-centric. Ikhtiar Uddin Bakhtiar Khilji began to destroy the tolls, scholars and temples.

Whatever is written in the pages of history, Ikhtiar Uddin is presented as a war hero in Muslim society. Bakhtiyar introduced Muslim rule in Bengal. The heroism of Nadia's occupation with only five soldiers has reached the level of myth with the Muslims. Al-Mahmud Bakhtiyar Khilji, the renowned poet of Bangladesh, wrote the highly sectarian poem "Bakhtiyar's Horse". The poem is widely practiced by various Islamic student organizations.

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Ikhtiar Uddin Muhammad Bin Bakhtiar Khilji: First Muslim ruler of Bengal(part-03)

Ikhtiar Uddin Muhammad Bin Bakhtiar Khilji: First Muslim ruler of Bengal(part-03)


Originally, the story of the devastation spread so much in the face of the people that the Lakshman Sen, the ruler of the then Hindu Sena dynasty, was intimidated. This fear eventually became apparent as the reason for leaving the throne without war in 120 AD. Lakshman Sen was the oppressive king, there was already discontent among the subjects. Laxman Sen imposed a quadrilateral division on the Hindus, and the Hindus of the lower castes became untouchables. Moreover, the fanatical Hindu Sena-dynasty occupied power by removing the clan of Buddhism, and the followers of Buddhism retreated. In the writings of the contemporary Ramai scholar, the Buddhist and lower-caste Hindus have mentioned how the hatred and oppression of Brahmanism has been. The Ramayi scholar himself praised Muslim rule from Brahmin rule. Hilaudh Mishra Khilji, who was once a servant of Laxman Sen, wrote poetry praising Islamic devotion and religious rituals in the court of Khilji. Umapati Dhar Bakhtiyar Khilji, a contemporary poet of Haludhoo Mishra, praised the heroism, "" Sadhu Malech Narendra Sadhu Sadhu. Bhavato mataiib heroic chanting, bodhidheena bosudha to be successful. "Which means" saint mlechharaj saint! Your mother is a true heroine. The world is active for people like you, even though it is from a lower community. "

The destruction of Nalanda in the hands of Bakhtiyar Khilji has become more prevalent because of the people's eyes have been left in Vikramshila, Jagdal, Ondantpur, Takshashila. Everyone has forgotten the history of murder in Nadia, Gaur, Lakshvanati. Khilji's army destroyed these ancient universities, temples, temples, libraries, monasteries of Buddhist monks and burned them to dust and burned them. Local Hindus and Buddhists fled with thousands of lives and fled to Nepal, Tibet, and elsewhere in India, as they have done. All those who could not escape were brutally killed by the sword of the Bakhtiar forces. Muslim historians have also written about how local Buddhists and Hindus were wiped out, with blood stains on the pages of history. Indian expert, historian and art critic Vincent Arthur Smith, who recorded the history of religious genocide at the hands of Bakhtiyar Khilji's army in Bihar in the 5th, mentioned in his book "The Early History of India" the history of Bakhtiyar's army saw so many books at Nalanda University. But all the students and scholars have already been killed while they are in Nalanda's library The partner who wants to learn about the book to read from the book, there was no one left.

In the book "The Decline and Fall of Buddhism", Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar wrote about Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar: Writings and Speeches says, "Khilji's army has crushed the east, conversion to Islam is going on in parallel, with the use of a universal sword. At the end of 1252, Bakhtiyar Khilji launched a raid in Bihar, launching the main attack on Nalanda Vikramshila, Udantapur. At that time, Bihar means college, and looking at the architecture of Bihar, it seems as if the fort is surrounded by high walls. The scholars and students here were mainly Buddhists. But there were plenty of students of Hinduism. Bakhtiyar Uddin killed some of them and left the rest on condition of accepting Islam. With the invasion of Bihar, Buddhism almost collapsed, and all of them had to accept Islam for their lives. ”

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Ikhtiar Uddin Muhammad Bin Bakhtiar Khilji: First Muslim ruler of Bengal(part-02)

 Ikhtiar Uddin Muhammad Bin Bakhtiar Khilji: First Muslim ruler of Bengal(part-02)

The greatest achievement of Ikhtiyar Uddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji was the destruction of one of the oldest universities in the world and almost wiping out Buddhists in the region. The history of Shashank's invasion and destruction of Nalanda is revealed in the description of Chinese traveler Huen Tsang. The University of Nalanda was demolished by Bakhtiyar Khilji, a Turkish warrior in the 5th century. Bakhtiyar Khilji's Bihar expedition is discussed in the book Tabakat-i-Nasiri of the historian Minhaj. To quote the details of this plunder from the Tabakat-i-Nasiri book in Wikipedia, I will directly transcribe the following:

“Muhammad-i-Bakht-i-Yar boldly entered the gate through the window and occupied the fort and plundered much of its contents. Most of the inhabitants of that place were Brahmins and all these Brahmins had their heads shaved. All of them were killed by the Bakhtiar army. There were lots of books. After seeing the books, Muslims ordered some Hindus to give them information about the books. But already all the Hindus have been killed. As a result, none of the scholars were alive to inform the contents of the books. After being informed of [the contents of the books], it was learned that the fort and the city was essentially a college we now identify as Nalanda. Among the universities, Nalanda is one of the oldest and most famous universities in history. In the golden age, more than 5,3 students and 2,5 teachers practiced knowledge here. Students from different parts of the world, such as China, Japan, Korea, Greece, Iran, Turkey, etc., came to Nalanda to study. A main gate and high walls, the University is well-known for its architectural designs and masterpieces. Some of the prominent scholars of the University are Arya Bhatt, Mahabir and Brahmagupta.

In 5, the Turkish army chief Ikhtiar Uddin Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji completely destroyed the Naland Mahabharat; This phenomenon is not just an indicator of the decline of Buddhism in India, but the implementation of the blue design that has long thrown India into the darkness of ignorance. In his book Tabaqat-i-Nasiri, the historian of Persia writes, "Thousands of Buddhist priests are burnt alive or beheaded; Khilji thus tried to establish Islam by expelling Buddhism from the region, setting fire to the library of the Mahabharat. Nalanda University had so many books in the library that it took three months to burn. ”

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Ikhtiar Uddin Muhammad Bin Bakhtiar Khilji: First Muslim ruler of Bengal(part-01)

Ikhtiar Uddin Muhammad Bin Bakhtiar Khilji: First Muslim ruler of Bengal(part-01)

 
Ikhtiar Uddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji was born and raised in present-day Turkish tribe in the southern village of Gmasi in Afghanistan. Born in a very ordinary family, converted to Islam just two generations ago, Bakhtiyar Khilji's physical structure was flawed, ugly in appearance, lengthening of hands and height compared to body. Because of physical attributes no one gave him any work, he had to travel day after day in search of luck. He was first appointed as a civilian in a house in Afghanistan. The ambitious Bakhtiyar Khilji left Deewani and moved to India in 7 and Kutubuddin tried to join Ibeke's army but was rejected. Then he moved further east to India and was stationed as a soldier in the Bedouin platoon under al-Din of Maklik Hizb. Shortly after, Ayodhya met Malik Husam al-Din, Bakhtiyar Khilji and Malik Husam first saw the battlefield between Bakhtiyar. The owner gave Bakhtiyar a seat in the Mirzapur parish between Hussain Vihar and Oudh. Within a few days, Bakhtiyar launched regular successful attacks on the weakened defensive areas of Bihar. Each time the attack, Khilji began to bring a large amount of looted goods and women to Mirzapur. Bakhtiyar Khilji's fame and fears spread as he succeeded in a few unprovoked attacks and expeditions, reaching Delhi with the news of his conquest. His name as a vicious warrior is synonymous with terror. Considering the possibilities, Qutbuddin Aibek sent him valuable clothes, a soldier's uniform, and nominated him as the commander of the Bihar invasion.

The scene of the political life of Bakhtiyar Khilji changed drastically with the occupation of Bihar in 121 AD. Only after the occupation of Bihar did Delhi realize the political and political significance of Bakhtiar. In the same year, with the help of Delhi, Bakhtiyar extended his army towards Bengal, and in 1201, the old ruler of Bengal invaded the kingdom of Laxman Sen. It is reported that Bakhtiyar's horse reached Navadvip so fast that the rest of his troops could not reconcile with him, so only 5 (in turn 3) cavalry were with him. Bakhtiar Lakshman Sen's defense system is already well understood. Bakhtiyar entered the palace of Lakshman Sen with 6 soldiers in disguise. Lakshman Sen, who is drunk with Vogue luxury, is just sitting down to eat lunch, at which point he escapes through the back door like a cowardly coward without any barrage of ambush. Already the rest of his army is reached. Bakhtiyar Khilji captured Gauda, ​​Lakshvati and the army of Bakhtiyar played Holi of Blood. All the men who were armed in the palace were killed, who tried to resist, like the sand dams in front of the torrent stream, to separate the children for slavery, and soldiers to rape every woman. (Lal, K. S. (1994). Muslim slave system in medieval India. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan. Chapter 4)

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